Abstract
Eye fatigue is a visual complaint that may occur among workers as a result of visual demands and inadequate workplace conditions. Hospital environments involve diverse work activities and lighting conditions that may affect staff visual comfort during work. This study aimed to analyze the associations of lighting intensity, age, gender, and length of work with eye fatigue among hospital staff in Makassar, Indonesia. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total of 124 hospital staff were included in the analysis from 171 initial responses. Respondent characteristics and eye-fatigue complaints were collected using an online questionnaire, while workplace lighting intensity was measured directly using a lux meter across 19 work areas. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, with statistical significance set at α = 0.05. Gender was significantly associated with eye fatigue (p = 0.003), whereas age (p = 0.454) and length of work (p = 0.392) were not significantly associated with eye fatigue. Lighting intensity was significantly associated with the category of the number of eye-fatigue complaints (p = 0.038). The most frequently reported complaints were sleepy eyes (58.06%), headache (54.03%), and stinging eyes (48.39%). The findings indicate that gender and workplace lighting conditions are associated with variations in visual complaints among hospital staff. Regular assessment of workplace lighting and the implementation of visual ergonomic measures should be strengthened to support occupational eye health.