Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Nanomaterial Dynamics and Applications

Nanomaterials play crucial roles in energy, catalysis, biomedicine, and electronic devices. A systematic and in-depth understanding of the dynamic behavior during structural evolution and practical applications is significant. Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) is a powerful in situ characterization technique. It provides atomic-scale resolution and high temporal resolution observation for the evolution of nanomaterials in solution and has become a crucial tool for studying the dynamic processes of nanomaterials. This review summarizes the latest research progress of LP-TEM in nanomaterial nucleation and growth, etching and corrosion, self-assembly, and electrochemical applications, which is significant for understanding the developmental trajectory of liquid phase electron microscopy. Furthermore, this review outlines the challenges currently faced by LP-TEM and provides perspectives on future strategies to overcome these limitations. This review aims to provide a new perspective for broader nanomaterials research and to expand the application of LP-TEM in nanomaterials research.