Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating lung disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation, causing significant respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. In particular, COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing to significant healthcare costs and a considerable burden on both patients and society. Objectives: Identify the etiology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Discussion: Effective treatment of COPD involves a multifaceted strategy that integrates pharmacological therapies, patient education, continuous monitoring, and interdisciplinary models of care. Results: Pharmacological treatments, including bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, are essential to relieve symptoms and improve lung function, while the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines recommend personalized care plans that have take into account patient-specific factors, exacerbation history, and comorbidities. Conclusions: Emerging management strategies, such as structured health management programs and interprofessional care teams, show promising results in improving patient outcomes by optimizing resource allocation and improving adherence to treatment regimens.