Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the 21st-century educational arena, presenting both opportunities and challenges. Its integration into education enables the personalization of learning through intelligent tutoring systems that tailor content to individual student needs, thereby improving academic outcomes. Furthermore, AI facilitates the analysis of large volumes of educational data, helping educators make informed decisions and identify patterns that can prevent school dropouts. However, the implementation of AI also faces significant challenges. One of the main ones is equity; there is a risk that AI will widen educational gaps if not applied in an inclusive manner, affecting students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Data privacy and security are other crucial concerns, as improper handling of information can have serious consequences. The present study analyses the opportunities and challenges presented by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into 21st-century education, using a mixed methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of current AI applications in personalizing learning, investigating the use of intelligent tutoring systems in different educational contexts, and proposing strategies for inclusive and equitable implementation of AI. A specific analysis was carried out at the Julio Enríquez Educational Unit, with a population of 903 students, using the Monte Carlo method to estimate the number of students using AI in their assignments. The results indicate that approximately 24.14% of students use AI tools, highlighting both the potential and concerns related to equity and privacy in the adoption of these technologies.