Abstract
This article examines the historical formation of maqom vocal performance, its theoretical foundations, and its distinctive performing characteristics. Particular attention is given to the close relationship between maqom art and classical poetry, the synthesis of text and music, as well as the role of the master–apprentice tradition in the development and transmission of this musical practice. The study highlights key performance aspects such as vocal capabilities, breath control, intonational accuracy, melismatic ornamentation, and rhythmic flexibility. Furthermore, regional schools of maqom vocal performance are analyzed, focusing on their stylistic features and interpretative differences. The article also explores the importance of artistic expression, dramatic development, and individual interpretation in maqom performance. As a result of the research, contemporary trends in the development of maqom vocal art are identified, along with substantiated conclusions regarding its preservation, academic study, and transmission to younger generations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematic analysis of performance characteristics and the comprehensive examination of the interrelation between traditional and modern aspects of maqom vocal art.