Abstract
This study investigates the combined effects of dichloromethane (DCM) and a benzoylthiourea-based additive (CPTC: N-((2-chloropyridin-3-yl) carbamothioyl) thiophene-2-carboxamide) on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition (SI) engine. Although DCM is a well-known oxygenated compound that can influence combustion-related behavior, its interaction with heterocyclic fuel additives has received limited attention in SI engine applications. To address this gap, fuel blends consisting of pure gasoline (G), gasoline with DCM (G+DCM), and G+DCM with CPTC at 50, 100, and 200 ppm concentrations were prepared and tested under varying engine loads. The experimental results showed that the addition of CPTC to the G+DCM blend enhanced brake thermal efficiency and reduced specific fuel consumption, with more pronounced effects observed at higher engine loads. Among the tested blends, G+DCM with 100 ppm CPTC provided a balanced improvement by reducing CO and HC emissions while maintaining manageable NOx levels. Increasing the CPTC concentration to 200 ppm shifted engine operation toward leaner mixture conditions, as indicated by lambda measurements, and further improved fuel economy and thermal efficiency, although this was accompanied by an increase in NOx emissions. The maximum reduction in specific fuel consumption (35.03%) was achieved with the 200 ppm CPTC blend at 75% load, while the highest increase in thermal efficiency (44.59%) occurred with the same blend at 25% load. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of CPTC as a heterocyclic fuel additive for gasoline–DCM fuel systems and offers insights into the development of multifunctional fuel formulations aimed at improving engine performance, efficiency, and emission response in SI engines.
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