Abstract
One of the promising technological processes in the production of oils is the hydrocracking process. It is radical in destructive hydrogenation and change in the structure of raw material molecules to obtain oil products with new qualities that are absent in the original raw material. The hydrocracking process in the processing of oil fractions and residues of Baku oils is especially necessary due to their high resin content. Therefore, the solution to this issue is of a topical nature. In this paper, the possibility of using oil fractions – distillate D-11 – a mixture of Baku low-paraffin oils as a raw material for obtaining base oils, including high-index ones, was investigated. Distillate D-11 from Azerbaijani oils was subjected to hydrocracking on an industrial catalyst GKD-205 under a pressure of 4-5 MPa, at volume rate of 0.5-1.0 h-1 and at a temperature of 420 °C. The optimal process mode for the conclusion was determined in order to obtain the base of high-index oils: pressure of 5 MPa, temperature of 420 °C, volume rate of 0.5 h-1 and amount of hydrogen of 1000 l/l of raw material. The oil fractions obtained during the work (300-400 °C) do not require dewaxing, as a result of which the costs of oil production were reduced by half. Without dewaxing, along with base oils VI-4 and VI-6, all-season motor oils M-4z/6V1 and M-6z/10V, turbine oils of the T-22, T-30, T-46, T-51 brands, and light cylinder oils 11, 24, AK-15, etc. were obtained. After dewaxing the oil fractions of hydrogenates, high-viscosity oils were obtained - vapors, which significantly surpass the quality of oils from unique Baku oils.