Architectural and Decorative Features of Religious Building Entrances in Tripoli during the First Ottoman Period (1551–1711 AD)

This research presents a historical, descriptive, and analytical study of the portals of religious and civil buildings in the old city of Tripoli during the first Ottoman period (1551-1711 AD). The primary aim of this research is to highlight and document the meticulous artistic characteristics and sculptural decorative styles employed during this crucial historical period, which shaped the visual identity of the city. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the pivotal role played by early Ottoman governors, particularly Dragut Pasha, alongside the profound cultural impact of the Andalusian migration in enriching and developing this architectural heritage from its simple forms into complex models. The study relied on a historical, descriptive, and analytical comparative approach to document and analyze both botanical and geometric decorative elements, offering a textual analytical reading of the architectural vocabularies comprising these portals. The research concluded that Tripoli's portals were characterized by unique architectural compositions that brilliantly blended local, incoming Ottoman, and delicate Andalusian influences. This involved the utilization of diverse materials such as local sandstone and imported marble, and the application of relief and intaglio carving techniques to create vibrant stone tableaus. Specific decorative elements such as the "rosette" prevailed, and arch forms varied to include the horseshoe and pointed arches, affirming the Muslim artisan's capacity for innovation and artistic assimilation in Tripoli.