The Future of the Libyan-European Geoeconomic Partnership in the Era of Global Energy Transition: A Conceptual Framework of Complex Interdependence

This study aims to provide a conceptual analytical framework for the future of geoeconomic relations between Libya and the European Union in light of the global trend towards reducing carbon emissions and the energy transition. Based on the theory of complex interdependence (Keohane & Nye, 2012), the paper analyzes the reality of the transition from a fossil fuel-based rentier model reliant on oil and gas to a model based on clean energy and green hydrogen. The study concludes that the success of Libya's strategic repositioning requires structural reforms in governance and the activation of an economic diplomacy capable of managing the balance between compliance with European environmental requirements, protecting national sovereignty, and achieving sustainable development.