Geomorphological Structure of the Northwestern Al-Jifara Plain and Its Impact on Agricultural Development (2010–2025)

This study aims to analyze the impact of soil characteristics on agricultural activity in the city of Al-Jumayl by identifying the prevailing soil types and their physical and chemical properties, assessing their suitability for agricultural use, and determining the key challenges limiting the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural activity. The study employs an analytical geographic approach, examining the natural soil characteristics and correlating them with the spatial distribution of agricultural activity, crop types, and productivity levels. The results indicate that sandy and sandy-loam soils are prominent in the study area; these soils are characterized by high permeability, low water-retention capacity, and low organic matter content, thereby making agricultural activity heavily dependent on consistent irrigation and soil fertility enhancement. The study also reveals the presence of saline and *sabkha* (salt flat) soils in certain locations, with salinity serving as a major natural constraint affecting land suitability, crop growth, and productivity. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that variations in soil characteristics influence the spatial distribution of agriculture, crop selection, productivity levels, and the stability of agricultural operations. The study concludes that improving agricultural activity in Al-Jumayl requires agricultural planning based on soil characteristics and suitability, alongside improved irrigation water management, increased use of organic fertilizers, salinity mitigation, and the selection of crops best suited to local soil conditions. The study confirms that the scientific management of soil and water is a fundamental approach to enhancing the efficiency of agricultural utilization and achieving sustainable agricultural development in the city of Al-Jumayl.