Geographical Analysis of Desertification and Environmental Degradation and the Spatial Variation of Their Manifestations in Parts of the Jifara Plain

This research aims to analyze the spatial variation of desertification and environmental degradation manifestations in the Al-Jfara Plain, identify the degrees, intensity, and geographical distribution of desertification, and determine the main manifestations associated with land degradation. It also seeks to identify the effects of natural and human factors on the spread of desertification and determine the areas most vulnerable to it, thereby contributing to efforts to conserve natural resources and reduce land degradation. The research adopted the analytical approach as the main method for analyzing data related to degraded lands, vegetation cover, rangelands, rainfall, erosion, and agricultural and livestock production. It also employed the descriptive approach to present the natural and human characteristics of the research area, as well as the comparative approach to compare different spatial units and time periods. The research further relied on geographical references, scientific studies, and available data, using percentages and rates of change to compare levels of degradation. The research concluded that there is clear spatial variation in the manifestations of desertification and environmental degradation across the Al-Jfara Plain. Wind erosion, declining vegetation cover, drought, and rainfall variability emerged as the most prominent manifestations of degradation. In addition, overgrazing, excessive exploitation of soil and groundwater resources, and urban expansion contributed to increasing pressure on natural resources. The research recommends reducing overgrazing, rationalizing groundwater use, combating erosion, increasing vegetation cover, regulating land use, and enhancing environmental awareness. It also proposes periodic monitoring of desertification using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), preparing updated maps of land degradation, and implementing projects for the rehabilitation of degraded lands.