Abstract
More than a century after Verdun and the Somme, their transformed territories remain objects of military history, archaeology, heritage studies, geomorphology, soil science, toxicology, forestry, mine action, and environmental risk management. Yet extensive knowledge has not produced an equivalent overall understanding of the complete process initiated by industrialised warfare. The same territory is divided into specialised objects: battlefields, memorial landscapes, archaeological deposits, war-generated landforms, unexploded munitions, contaminated soils, and post-war disposal sites.
This paper reviews changing expert representations of Verdun and the Somme from 1916 to the present. It distinguishes the operational duration of war from its material duration and compares direct conflict effects with transformations generated by clearance, burial, relocation, reconstruction, afforestation, and later management. Both territories show knowledge expanding through increasingly resolved fragments while causal transitions remain weakly represented.
The conclusion concerns method, not elapsed time. Contamination continues through physical, chemical, biological, and geomorphological processes that disregard military chronology, disciplinary boundaries, administrative closure, and institutional responsibility. Verdun and the Somme therefore demonstrate the difference between knowledge quantity and the architecture of understanding. Fragmentation can result from disciplines operating successfully when no expert system reconstructs the complete causal chain