Abstract
Wear of the pump’s working parts under the influence of the hydraulic-abrasive flow occurs as a result of the cutting of metal chips by abrasive particles and the knocking out of individual micro-volumes of material. The dynamics of gap expansion in the rotating part of the pump impeller shows that chamber wear occurs faster than the angles of its blades. This is because a pulsating variable force acts on the chamber surface due to the pressure difference between the working and back surfaces of the blades. In axial and centrifugal pumps, the greatest wear is observed on the output parts of the impeller blades and their sealing elements. The article presents the results of field studies on the study of the composition of silt deposits, samples of bottom sediments, large fractions, and recommendations for preventing the influence of sediments on the technical regimes and parameters of dredgers.