Impact of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress on Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Resilience among Caregivers of Individuals with Thalassemia.

The aim of the study was to find out the impact of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress on Mental Health; furthermore, the study will examine the Moderating Role of Resilience among Caregivers of individuals with thalassemia. The translated version of DASS 21 was used to assess anxiety, depression, and stress. For mental health, the Urdu-translated version of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) (Khan et al., 2015) was used. The resilience scale (Connor et al., 2003) was used to assess the resilience. A sample of thalassemia patients and their caregivers was selected for the current study to be conducted across several hospitals and thalassemia clinics in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was computed, which was conducted by using the Smart PLS software. This suggests that individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress may develop adaptive coping mechanisms, leading to increased resilience. Mental health significantly moderates the relationship between DASS and resilience. This means that the impact of stress, anxiety, and depression on resilience varies according to mental health. The results showed that resilience was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress; however, these factors were negatively correlated with caregivers compared to individuals with thalassemia, and the presence of multiple thalassemia patients raised the caregivers' anxiety levels.