Operational value of coordinated EV charging and irrigation pumping in a PV-battery agricultural microgrid

Agricultural microgrids increasingly combine photovoltaic generation, battery storage, irrigation pumping, and electric-vehicle charging, yet the benefit of coordinating these loads depends on the scheduling flexibility available to each service. This study examines that interaction in a PV-battery agricultural microgrid in Goranboy, Azerbaijan, using an hourly 2023 PVGIS-SARAH3 profile. Four operating cases were compared with identical hardware and service requirements: fixed EV charging and fixed irrigation (S0), flexible EV charging only (S1), flexible irrigation only (S2), and joint flexibility (S3). The modeled system included 3.991 kWp of PV and a 10.5 kWh/5.25 kW battery. Dispatch was obtained by lexicographic linear optimization under a no-export boundary. Relative to S0, S3 reduced annual grid import from 5340.029 to 4791.595 kWh (10.27%) and lowered maximum hourly-average grid import from 15.645 to 5.382 kW (65.60%). PV self-consumption increased from 47.375% to 58.766%. The individual flexibility cases showed distinct operational roles: EV scheduling contributed more to annual grid-energy reduction, whereas irrigation scheduling had the larger effect on peak demand. Simple ±20% PV and battery sensitivities preserved this qualitative pattern. For the modeled configuration, coordinated demand improved use of the existing PV-battery system without reducing the specified mobility or irrigation service.