Abstract
The Sudanese conflict has significantly changed the operating environment for disease control since April 2023. The dynamics of malaria and dengue transmission have changed as a result of widespread population migration, deteriorated water and sanitation infrastructure, and the cessation of regular vector control operations. We conducted a thorough search for research published between April 2023 and September 2025 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PMC, and WHO databases. Included were studies on co-infection, dengue, or malaria in Sudan. When possible, random-effects meta-analysis was used in conjunction with narrative synthesis. Thirty-four studies satisfied the requirements for inclusion. In 2024, about 3.5 million cases of malaria were reported. Kassala confirmed the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes as dengue outbreaks spread to 12 states. The incidence of co-infection varied from 6.6% to 15%. Displacement, decreased functionality of medical facilities, and disruption of vector control were important factors. Early viability was demonstrated by interventions including the introduction of the R21/Matrix-M vaccination and AI-assisted clinical decision support. The combination of population displacement, environmental changes, and disrupted health services has increased the paths via which both illnesses are transmitted. To handle the changing burden, context-adapted methods are needed.