Abstract
Postoperative complications following abdominal surgeries remain a significant challenge in surgical practice, impacting patient recovery, hospital stay, and healthcare costs. This study aimed to analyze the primary risk factors contributing to postoperative complications in abdominal surgeries and to evaluate strategies to mitigate these occurrences. A literature review was conducted focusing on recent clinical studies addressing patient-related factors (such as age, comorbidities, and nutritional status), surgical variables (including type of surgery, duration, and technique), and perioperative care protocols. The findings highlighted that advanced age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and prolonged operative time significantly increase the risk of complications such as surgical site infections, anastomotic leaks, and postoperative ileus. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, and meticulous perioperative management were associated with reduced complication rates and shorter hospital stays. Furthermore, multidisciplinary approaches involving preoperative optimization, careful intraoperative technique, and postoperative monitoring were identified as key to improving outcomes. In conclusion, individualized patient assessment combined with evidence-based perioperative strategies is essential to reduce postoperative complications in abdominal surgeries, enhance recovery, and optimize resource utilization.