Abstract
The integrative review addresses the evolution and efficacy of stents in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent research highlights the importance of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in improving CAD treatment, emphasizing the innovation of bioabsorbable stents (BVS) compared to metallic stents, particularly drug-eluting stents (DES). The objective was to compare the efficacy, safety, long-term outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of BVS and DES. Methodologically, the review involved a bibliographic search in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, selecting studies from 2013 to 2023 that analyzed aspects such as restenosis rates and incidence of adverse events. Results indicate that BVS exhibit initial efficacy like DES in restoring blood flow but with higher rates of restenosis and thrombosis in some studies. Economic analysis suggests that although BVS are initially more expensive, they may be cost-effective in the long term due to the reduction in late complications. The conclusion underscores the need for continuous improvements in BVS materials and designs, as well as adequate training of professionals to optimize implantation and clinical outcomes. Future clinical trials and long-term follow-up studies are essential to validate the benefits of BVS and justify their adoption in clinical practice. Continuous research and collaboration between developers and clinicians are crucial to overcoming barriers and realizing the potential of BVS in percutaneous coronary intervention.