Abstract
This study examines the determinants of the weak organization and dysfunction of the Bachelor–Master–Doctorate (BMD) system at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga. Although the BMD system is widely recognized as a key framework for enhancing the professionalization of higher education, its implementation at ISTM-Kananga remains hindered by numerous limitations. These include shortages of qualified human resources, financial and material constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and time management challenges that are incompatible with the system’s requirements. Additionally, the partial appropriation of the BMD framework by institutional, pedagogical and administrative stakeholders further undermines its effective functioning. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the factors underlying the observed dysfunctions, with the aim of proposing improvement strategies capable of strengthening the performance and sustainability of the system. To achieve this, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among key stakeholders of ISTM-Kananga. This methodological approach provided an in-depth understanding of the institutional context and enabled the identification of institutional, organizational, pedagogical, and logistical determinants that negatively affect the implementation of the BMD system. The findings reveal that the dysfunctions of the BMD system result from a multidimensional set of closely interconnected factors. Optimizing the system therefore requires coordinated interventions aimed at institutional strengthening, infrastructure improvement, capacity building of human resources, and the development of strategic partnerships. These measures are essential to ensuring the quality, efficiency, and long-term sustainability of the BMD system at ISTM-Kananga.