Construction of Capital Going to the Countryside and the Sustainable Livelihood Model for Farmers

Capital going to the countryside is an inevitable trend in urban-rural integration and an intrinsic requirement for rural revitalization. This paper employs theoretical analysis and literature review methods to explore the impact of capital inflows on farmers' livelihoods and the construction of a sustainable livelihood model for farmers. The findings indicate that capital going to the countryside has both optimizing and disruptive effects on the livelihood environment and livelihood capital of farmers. Farmers' livelihoods are influenced by factors such as the scale of capital, the embeddedness of capital, regional characteristics, the policy environment, and the role positioning of grassroots governments. The construction of a sustainable livelihood model for farmers depends on enhancing the embeddedness of  capital within social structures, optimizing the scale and structure of capital, fostering positive interactions, improving the alignment between benefit-sharing models and regional conditions, and achieving both structural and institutional transformation. Additionally, optimizing the policy environment and clarifying the role of grassroots governments are critical to this process.